Named for a top Union Civil War general, the Sherman tank helped drive home a victory for the allies in WWII. When the war began in 1939, the Americans had little appetite for another war in Europe, and military production was not fully equipped for such an event. As Britain had the existing M3 tank in production as part of the Lend-Lease Act, the M4 was designed and tested, with production commencing in 1942 after the U.S. had already entered the war.
The Sherman is a medium tank weighing in at just over 30 tons and armed with a 105mm howitzer and 3 additional machine guns. It carries a crew of five who are protected by up to 91mm of steel plating. The first production models were powered by a Continental gasoline radial engine that contributed to the Sherman’s effectiveness. The air-cooled engines proved to be incredibly reliable and were also simple enough that repairs could often be performed in the field by the crew.
Throughout WWII, the United States would eventually produce 50,000 Shermans for service in Europe, North Africa, and the Pacific. At 20 feet, they were relatively small and easy to transport. Furthermore, they were much cheaper than the sophisticated German tanks. It could be argued that the German tanks were superior fighting vehicles, but the ability of the Americans to build so many units meant the Germans could not counter the fighting ability of the Allied forces.
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