Synthetic and conventional oil both start life as crude oil. Conventional oils use additives to achieve the desired viscosity range, but when those additives deteriorate, the oil’s ability to adapt to changing temperatures is diminished. Synthetic oils are created by breaking down crude oil on the molecular level and rebuilding them to a specific innate and uniform structure, which nearly eliminates deterioration. However, because engine oil naturally absorbs harmful particles such as dirt, carbon and metal shavings, it’s still important to regularly change the oil and filter.
Synthetic tends to stand the test of time much better than conventional oil. Cost used to be the biggest disadvantage of synthetic oil, but as automakers require the use of synthetic oil in most new modern vehicles, prices have fallen. Synthetic oil is generally better at protecting engines and retains its chemical properties longer than conventional oil, but it doesn’t burn as well if it ends up in the combustion chamber, which can happen on older vehicles with worn seals or piston rings. While synthetic oil won’t degrade seals, it is thinner than conventional oil and may pass more easily through existing worn seals or leaks which can exacerbate the underlying issues.
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