Railguns are able to fire bullets at remarkable speeds — almost three times as fast on average, in fact, than standard guns. The former hits approximately 8,000 kmph or 5,500 mph while a typical gun manages 2,900 kmph or 1,800 mph at its fastest, Interesting Engineering notes.
As the name suggests, railguns fire their shots from rails, which are made of electricity-conducting metal. One carries a positive charge and one a negative. The power supply passes between them, and as it does, a separate magnetic field is generated by each. The force generated acts on the “bullet,” which is what launches it out of the railgun, according to How Stuff Works.
Railguns do have advantages in both speed and efficiency. Taking gunpowder out of the equation reduces some of the practical concerns and dangers surrounding typical ammunition. However, there are some crucial downsides to the use of railguns, which have prevented their becoming a military staple.
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