Maxwell is making a comeback from a broken leg, which required surgery, while Marsh was operated upon on his left ankle.
The three-match ODI series on the road to the 50-over World Cup later this year in India will be held in Mumbai, Visakhapatnam and Chennai, beginning March 17.
Opener David Warner was also in the squad, despite leaving their Test tour of India this week with concussion and a hairline fracture in his elbow.
But pace spearhead Josh Hazlewood was left out after he too returned home early with an Achilles’ injury.
Fellow fast bowler Jhye Richardson was called up having recovered from a hamstring strain.
“With the World Cup just over seven months away, these matches in India are an important step in our preparation,” said chairman of selectors George Bailey.
“Glenn, Mitchell and Jhye are all important players in what we think the squad might look like come October.
“It would be great for Josh to be part of this series but we have taken a conservative view ahead of a very important winter in England of which he will be an integral part,” he added.
Australia ODI squad: Pat Cummins (capt), Sean Abbott, Ashton Agar, Alex Carey, Cameron Green, Travis Head, Josh Inglis, Marnus Labuschagne, Mitchell Marsh, Glenn Maxwell, Jhye Richardson, Steve Smith, Mitchell Starc, Marcus Stoinis, David Warner, Adam Zampa
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