The NHTSA divides crashes into two categories: Level 2 Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Automated Driving System (ADS). Level 2 ADAS, logically enough, corresponds to Level 2 autonomous driving assistance, while ADS covers Levels 3-5.
According to the NHTSA, carmakers have submitted a total of 419 autonomous vehicle crash reports as of January 15, 2023. 263 of those accidents have been in Level 2 ADAS cars, with 156 have been in truly autonomous, ADS-equipped vehicles.
Across those 419 crashes, the NHTSA records 18 definite fatalities. Importantly, all 18 deaths were Level 2 ADAS cars. Thus far, no carmaker has reported any fatalities due to a fully autonomous vehicle.
There are crucial caveats to keep in mind, however. The NHTSA lists 19 accidents in ADS-equipped vehicles in which injury level was recorded as “unknown.” The NHTSA also does not require carmakers to report whether an accident was caused by malfunction or user error.
As long as the data is limited in these ways, fully assessing the safety of autonomous vehicles will be necessarily complicated. That rules out drawing broad conclusions. For now, the NHTSA does not record any fatalities definitively caused by a car under fully autonomous control. Making a more complete statement regarding self-driving car safety will have to wait until more comprehensive data becomes available.
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