Test scores fell dramatically during pandemic for US nine-year-olds

Math and reading scores for America’s nine-year-olds fell dramatically during the first two years of the Covid pandemic, according to a new federal study – offering an early glimpse of the sheer magnitude of the learning setbacks dealt to children.

Reading scores saw their largest decrease in 30 years, while math scores had their first decrease in the history of the testing regimen behind the study, according to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), a branch of the US education department.

The declines hit all regions and affected students of most races. But students of color saw some of the steepest decreases, widening the racial achievement gap.

Much standardized testing didn’t happen during the early days of the pandemic, so the findings released on Thursday gave an early look at the impact of pandemic learning disruptions. Broader data is expected to be released later this year as part of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), also known as the Nation’s Report Card.

“These are some of the largest declines we have observed in a single assessment cycle in 50 years of the NAEP program,” said Daniel McGrath, the acting associate commissioner of NCES. “Students in 2022 are performing at a level last seen two decades ago.”

The study reflects two years of upheaval in American education as schools shut down for months at a time amid Covid-19 outbreaks. Many students spent a year or more learning from home, and virus outbreaks among staff and students continued the disruption even after kids returned to the classroom.

In math, the average score for nine-year-old students fell 7% between 2020 and 2022, according to the study. The average reading score fell 5%.

The pandemic upheaval especially hurt students of color. Math scores dropped by 5% for white students, compared with 13% for Black students and 8% for Hispanic students. The divide between Black and white students widened by 8%.

Decreases were more uniform in reading: scores dropped 6% for white, Black and Hispanic students.

For Asian American students, Native American students and students of two or more races, there was little change in reading or math between 2020 and 2022, the study found.

Geographically, all regions saw decreases in math, but declines were slightly worse in the north-east and midwest compared with the west and south. Outcomes were similar for reading, except the west had no measurable difference compared with 2020.

Although it marks a sharp drop since 2020, the average reading score was 7% higher than it was in 1971, and the average math score was 15% higher than in 1978, the study found.

Overall, the results paint a “sobering picture” of schooling during the pandemic, said Peggy Carr, the NCES commissioner.

Federal officials say this is the first nationally representative study to compare student achievement before the pandemic and in 2022, when most students had returned to in-person learning.

Testing was completed in early 2020, soon before the World Health Organization declared Covid-19 a pandemic, and in early 2022.